Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a hormone produced by the parathyroid glands, which are located in the neck. PTH plays a crucial role in regulating calcium and phosphorus levels in the body. It helps to increase calcium levels in the blood by stimulating the release of calcium from bone, increasing calcium absorption in the intestines, and decreasing calcium excretion in the kidneys. PTH also regulates the production of vitamin D, which is essential for calcium absorption. Research in the area of parathyroid hormone focuses on understanding the mechanisms of PTH action, its role in bone health and mineral metabolism, and potential therapies for conditions such as hyperparathyroidism and osteoporosis.